A team of European researchers from Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and Humboldt University in Berlin has developed a novel charging method to enhance the longevity and performance of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. By altering how current is delivered to the battery’s electrolyte materials during charging, they’ve found a way to significantly extend the lifespan of these widely used energy storage devices.
Traditional constant current (CC) charging methods were found to thicken the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the anode and cause structural damage to the electrode materials, leading to reduced battery capacity over time. In contrast, the researchers introduced a pulsed current (PC) charging protocol, which resulted in a thinner SEI and fewer structural changes in the electrode materials. This was achieved by promoting a more uniform distribution of lithium ions in the graphite anode, reducing mechanical stress and cracking within the electrode particles.
Utilizing advanced synchrotron facilities for particle acceleration, the team conducted experiments that demonstrated the efficacy of PC charging, particularly with high-frequency square-wave current pulses. The results indicate that this approach has the potential to double the service life of commercial Li-ion batteries while retaining up to 80% of their capacity.
Dr. Julia Kowal, a co-author of the study from TU Berlin, highlighted the significant advantages of pulsed charging in terms of stabilizing electrode materials and interfaces, thereby extending battery lifespan. This breakthrough offers a promising pathway to address the limitations of current Li-ion battery technology and meet the growing demands for durable and efficient energy storage solutions.
